Cinnabar, also known as cinnabar or cinnabar, is a kind of sulfide mineral and belongs to the trigonal crystal system. The crystals are in the form of small rhombohedrons, thick plates, and columnars. They are commonly seen in multiple dense grains, dense blocks or crust-like aggregates. Diamond luster, transparent to opaque, hardness of 2-2.5. Its color is dark red, bright red or scarlet, and some have lead gray on the surface, and the stripes are vermilion. Cinnabar has a high refractive index and has obvious pleochroism. Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty of China wrote in “Baopuzi Jindan Pian”: “Cinnabar burned to become mercury, and the accumulated change turned into cinnabar.” It shows that cinnabar can be decomposed into sulfur dioxide and mercury after being heated, and it also has extreme properties. It is easy to combine with sulfur.
Because of its low hardness, brittleness, and easy decomposition, cinnabar is rarely used to make gemstones except for large and complete crystals, but it has great gemological value as the main component of bloodstone. The exquisite crystal clusters in cinnabar are regarded as treasures and are mostly collected as ornamental stones. Cinnabar has a wide range of uses. It is not only a precious medicinal material, it has the effect of calming the mind and soothing the nerves, but also an important dye. The red dye on the vermilion diamond pattern Luojin robe unearthed from the Mawangdui No. 1 Han Tomb in Changsha, China After testing, it is made of cinnabar. Aynı zamanda, cinnabar is also the main raw material for smelting mercury (Merkür). Mercury chemical medicine, agriculture, electrical and instrumentation, precision casting, and atomic energy reactors are also widely used.
Cinnabar is the most widely distributed mercury mineral. It is formed in the warm-hot liquid carbonate rock layer and coexists with minerals such as quartz, calcite, antimonite, realgar, and pyrite. The main producing countries of cinnabar in the world are Spain, the United States, İtalya, Mexico and China. China’s cinnabar resources are very rich, with famous producing areas such as Guizhou, Hunan, Guangxi, and Sichuan. Among them, Guizhou is the main producer of gem-grade cinnabar, and most of the world-famous exquisite cinnabar crystals are produced in this province. A huge cinnabar crystal with a length of 64.2mm, a width of 35mm, a height of 37mm, and a net weight of 237 grams was discovered in the Wanshan Mercury Mine in Guizhou in 1980. It is known as the “Cinnabar King”
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