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fine jewelry manufacturers Baolong takes you to understand the characteristics of gems

Postat pe de Kingjy

Electrical conductivity is the ability of a gemstone to conduct electricity. It largely depends on the type of chemical bond. Gems with metal bonds are highly conductive because they have free electrons in the crystal structure, while ionic bonds or covalent bonds are weak or non-conductive. În plus, the conductivity of gems is also related to the spatial distribution of atoms or ions and chemical bonds. Some gems have obvious anisotropy in conductivity. According to different conductivity, gems can be divided into three types: good conductor, semiconductor and non-conductor.

Pyroelectricity refers to the phenomenon that a gemstone generates electric charges in certain directions when the external temperature changes, such as tourmaline (tourmaline).

The so-called refraction is a phenomenon in which the propagation direction of light changes when passing through different objects. It was discovered by the Dutchman Snell. Desigur, the prerequisite is that these substances are all transparent. The refractive index of a gem is the ratio of the sine of the incident angle and the sine of the refraction angle when light passes through the gem. It is also equal to the speed of light in the air divided by the speed of light in the gem. The refractive index of a homogeneous body has only one value; a heterogeneous body has two or three refractive index values; a heterogeneous aggregate can only measure an average value; the maximum and minimum refractive indexes of a heterogeneous gem The difference between is the birefringence; the birefringence cannot be measured for arc-shaped heterogeneous gemstones; the heterogeneous aggregate cannot be measured.

The gem’s ability to emit visible light under the excitation of external energy is called its luminosity. There are many factors that can excite a substance to emit light, such as friction, heating, cathode rays, ultraviolet rays, and X rays. High-energy excitation sources such as long-wave ultraviolet (365 nm), short-wave ultraviolet (253.7 nm) and X-rays are commonly used in gemology. There are two main types of luminescence of gemstones: fluorescence and phosphorescence.

Gemstones emit some visible light under the irradiation of ultraviolet light or X-rays. When the excitation source is removed, the luminescence stops immediately. This luminescence phenomenon is called fluorescence.

If the excitation source is removed, the gem can continue to emit light for a short period of time (usually about 5 seconds). This luminescence phenomenon is called phosphorescence.

Different gems have different fluorescent colors. Even the same gem mineral has different luminous intensity. This is mainly related to the presence of trace impurity elements in the crystal lattice of gem minerals.

The luminosity of gem minerals can be used as an auxiliary means to identify gems. De exemplu, group-set diamonds have not exactly the same fluorescence, while other imitation group-set diamonds have the same fluorescence.

Dispersion refers to the fact that when white light travels in the same medium, due to the different propagation speeds of light of different wavelengths, the white light is decomposed into its constituent wavelengths (adică, its constituent colors) when passing through the inclined plane of a transparent material. The resulting spectral color is called dispersion . Sometimes called “fire color”.

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