Gemstone minerals often have a fixed, independent crystal form, and the crystal lattice pattern is determined by the physical properties of the mineral. Usually the crystal form of the gemstone will affect the way the gemstone is cut. The crystalline system of gemstones is divided into: Isometric, Tetragonal, Hexagonal, Trigonal, Orthorhombic, and Monoclinic. Monoclinic), Triclinic (Triclinic), all equiaxed gems are single-refraction gems, the rest of the crystal systems are birefringent gems, the characteristics of each crystal system are different.
1. Isometric crystal system
The three crystal axes of the crystalline crystal are perpendicular to each other and have the same length, so it is called the equiaxed crystal system. Because the appearance is approximately cubic, it is also called the cubic crystal system (Cubic). The octahedral crystal of diamond is an example of the equiaxed crystal system.
2. Tetragonal system
The three crystal axes of the crystal are perpendicular to each other, one of which has different lengths, and the other two have the same length. The appearance is four-sided prism, pyramid and double pyramid. The tetragonal bipyramidal crystal of zircon (commonly known as hyacinth) is a typical example of the tetragonal crystal system.
3. Hexagonal and Trigonal
Both the hexagonal crystal system and the trigonal crystal system have four crystal axes. The three axes intersect each other at 60 degrees or 120 degrees in one plane, and the other axis is perpendicular to the plane where the three axes intersect. Its appearance is very easy to distinguish, with six sides on the sides. The typical example of the hexagonal crystal system is beryl, while the most common one of the trigonal crystal system is crystal.
4. Orthorhombic system
The three crystal axes are perpendicular to each other but all have different lengths, and the appearance is a rectangular columnar or plate-like structure. The columnar crystal of Topaz is a typical example of this crystal system.
5. Monoclinic system
The monoclinic system has three crystal axes, two of which are perpendicular to each other and the third crystal axis is different from the other two axes. Spodumene (Spodume) is a gemstone belonging to the monoclinic crystal system.
6. Triclinic system
The symmetry of the triclinic system is the lowest, the three crystal axes are not perpendicular to each other, and the lengths are not equal. Turquesa (Turquesa) crystals belong to this crystal system.
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