In mineralogy, emeralds belong to the same beryl group as aquamarine and beryl. Beryl is a silicate containing beryllium and aluminum. Its composition often contains potassium, ナトリウム, calcium, マグネシウム, 鉄, リチウム, bismuth, マンガン, cesium, クロム, vanadium, nickel and other trace elements. Some of them are pigment ions, causing beryl to have yellow (金) pink or reddish brown in addition to green. When the aluminum ions contained in beryl electricity are replaced by more chromium ions, it will show brilliant emerald green or deep green. This kind of beryl is called emerald. Emerald belongs to the hexagonal crystal system. The crystals are hexagonal short columnar or long columnar with glassy luster, 透明から半透明, そして硬さは 7.5-8.0. Its color depends on the amount of chromium ions. コンテンツが高いほど, the darker the green; while the transparency is Depending on the amount of iron oxide, the smaller the content, the more transparent.
Emerald is the leader in the beryl family. Its unique emerald green is unmatched by other green gems. したがって, it is known as the “King of Emerald” and one of the five most precious gems recognized in the world. Since emeralds are formed in a gaseous hydrothermal environment, there are many inclusions in the crystals, and very pure ones are rare. 一般的に, you will see a kind of cotton-like fine lines more or less, 一般に知られています “cicadas”. “Wing” または “bagasse pattern”, this is originally its flaw, but it has become an important feature that distinguishes it from other green gemstones. As stated in the book “The Museum of Natural History”, emeralds have “rabbit patterns” in them. Only considered authentic.
As a precious gemstone, emeralds are usually cut into rectangular or square stepped faceted stones, just like standard round diamonds. This has become a kind of cut that can best reflect the beauty of emeralds. Named “emerald type”. Some emeralds are cut into a round, oval or heart shape, while emeralds with more blemishes are mostly processed into hemispherical cabochons. These processed emeralds can be used to make all kinds of precious jewelry.
Many precious emeralds are inlaid on the crowns, scepters, thrones and various jewelry of the royal families of European countries and some Asian countries. What needs to be reminded is: 初め, because emeralds are poor in toughness, brittle and fragile, you need to be careful; 2番, there are many varieties of emeralds in gems, such as green jade, green fluorite, and green tourmaline. 同時に, synthetic emeralds have also come out, so you should pay attention to distinguish them when purchasing.