Gemstones similar to jadeite are: nephrite, Dushan jade, chrysoprase, hydrocalinite, green aventurine, serpentine jade, 等; a dyed quartzite (commonly known as citrus jade) is used Imitate the high-green varieties in jadeite; there are also imitation products such as green glass. Similar products do not have the fibrous interwoven structure of jadeite, the refractive index and density are also different from jadeite, and there is no characteristic absorption spectrum of jadeite. They are sometimes only similar to certain varieties of jade in appearance and color, so they are easy to identify through testing.
1. Identification of jadeite and its similar products:
(1) Nephrite. The green of nephrite jade often has yellow, グレー, 青, brown and black hues; nephrite jade is often greasy and has a warm feeling, jade has a glass luster; nephrite has a delicate structure and uniform texture.
(2) Green chalcedony. The green color of green chalcedony is yellow, the color is uniform, no emerald, the texture is fine and uniform; the transparency of green chalcedony is relatively high.
(3) Serpentine jade. Serpentine jade is not pure green, with yellow, brown, black and other colors; grease luster or waxy luster; no emerald, mostly uniform block, fine structure.
(4) Dyed quartzite jade. Green stained quartzite, with obvious blue or yellowish tints in the green; often with black spots of different sizes; granular structure, not emerald.
(5) Glass. Glass is also an imitation material of jadeite. The color of imitated jadeite glass is relatively uniform, and sometimes bubbles or rhyolite structures can be seen. A kind of devitrified glass is specially used to imitate jadeite and has excellent transparency. This green glass has dendritic crystals in it, and its refractive index and density are similar to jadeite. It appears as a polycrystalline body under a polarizer, but it has no Absorption spectrum characteristic of jadeite.
2. Optimized treatment of jade
“Jade is not cut, not a device”. Any gemstone will undergo a certain process, but different processes have different effects on gemstones. According to the current national standards, the processing technology of jadeite is classified as follows:
(1) Optimization of jadeite.
Heat treatment is to heat the jadeite to make the grayish yellow or brownish yellow jadeite red. The color formed by this method is stable without any artificial addition of coloring agents. It is classified as optimized in the national standard. It can be called “ジェイド” directly without labeling, which is commonly known as “a” jade in the industry.
(2) Treatment of jade.
①Bleaching and waxing treatment.
In the processing of jade jewelry, weak acid bleaching and wax dipping are very important traditional techniques to improve the appearance and durability of jade jewelry. The jade that has been decontaminated by weak acid (or weak base) and waxed with traditional craftsmanship is commonly known as “a” ジェイド.
But nowadays, many jade jewelry manufacturers have changed the original intention of traditional jade bleaching and wax dipping, using medium strong acid (or strong alkali) to etch the jadeite with poor texture, and then soaking it in a hot melt wax pot to boil or Vacuum heat injection, the wax material penetrates into the jade jewelry, thereby improving the color and transparency of the jade jewelry, and obviously changing the surface and internal structure of the jade jewelry. したがって, the instructions for bleaching and soaking wax should be added, and they should be classified as “b” goods commonly known in the jade trade. According to the current national standards, it is called “Jadeite (treatment)”, または “Jadeite (bleached wax treatment)”, または “bleached waxed jadeite”. Infrared spectroscopy is an effective means of identification.
② Bleaching and filling treatment.
Perform bleaching and ice treatment on the jadeite with good green and poor texture (soak the jadeite with strong acid to remove the brown or gray in the texture), and then fill the space that appears in the jadeite eroded by the acid by vacuum injection. The treated jade is very bright green without impurities. The jade trade often refers to this kind of goods as “b” goods.
The emerald green that has been acid-treated and filled with glue is abnormal, with a yellowish color, and it looks flashy and inconsistent with the ground. Observed under strong light source, there are cracks on the surface, loose structure, and glue can be seen in the cracks; there is white fluorescence under ultraviolet light.
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