Most of the transparent gems belong to the mineral group, while the transparent to opaque gems are mostly rock types. Organic gems are gems formed from animal bones, secretions or plant fossils.
1. mineral
Mineral gems are formed in the earth’s crust and have a fixed chemical composition and crystal form, and most of them have a fixed crystal shape. Misalnya, diamond with a chemical composition of carbon is an octahedral crystal; a typical hexagonal crystal crystal with a chemical composition of silica, both of which are minerals with obvious crystal appearance.
2. Rock
Rock is a combination of many minerals, usually large in size. Jadeite is a kind of rock gem. Although the main chemical composition is sodium aluminum silicate, it is often accompanied by other minerals and has no fixed crystal crystal shape. Selain itu, lapis lazuli is also a typical rock gem. In addition to lapis lazuli, other minerals such as pyrite and calcite are usually mixed.
Minerals and rocks appear as “Batu”. Among gems, they are also the most diverse in variety and quantity. Scientific research on these types of gems is mostly carried out in disciplines such as geology and mining. Karena itu, the chivalrous concept of “precious stones” refers to such “precious stones” and does not include organic gems.
3. Organic gems
Gemstones that do not belong to the previous minerals and rocks are often bones, secretions or fossils of organic matter. There are corals and pearls from animals; amber and beeswax from plants, and other organic gems such as Turtle Shell and Jet.
The addition of organic gems enriches the concept and category of gems, which is mainly related to the diversification of human jewelry materials.
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