Ruby and sapphire are simple oxide minerals, belonging to the trigonal crystal system, the crystals are mostly hexagonal columnar with glassy luster, transparent bis durchscheinend, hardness of 9, second only to diamond; stable chemical properties, and good toughness and Obvious pleochroism. Although ruby and sapphire have the same chemical composition, they become crystals with different colors due to the mixing of different trace elements during the crystallization process. Chromium is red, and the amount of chromium ions causes color changes, such as pink, Rose, Rot, leuchtend rot, and purplish red. It is called ruby: iron and titanium are blue, iron and chromium are green, and nickel is yellow. , Manganese is brown, vanadium is purple, usw., called sapphire. The difference is that all sapphire names other than blue are given a color before “Saphir” to show the difference, such as yellow sapphire and green sapphire. For other red or blue gems that are not corundum components, they cannot be called rubies or sapphires, but can only be called red or blue certain gems, such as red garnet, red spinel or blue diamond, blue spinel .
Rubies are bright red like fire, sapphires are clear and blue. Both of them are favored for their crystal clear and brilliant colors. They have been regarded as auspicious objects since ancient times. They are very precious gemstones, and diamonds, emeralds and golden green. Gem (Katze Auge) is listed as the world’s five most precious gems. Among rubies and sapphires, those with bright and pure colors, good transparency, few flaws and no cracks, and large particles are considered good products. High-quality transparent rubies and sapphires are often cut into various styles of faceted stones, wie rund, Smaragd, pear-shaped, oval and square, while the ones with poor transparency are mostly processed into hemispherical cabochons. Some gemstones of different shapes contain fine needle-like minerals or tubular inclusions. If they are arranged regularly in a certain direction, they will produce a beautiful and charming “starlight effect” under the illumination of a light source, thus becoming treasures, such as star light Bao, star sapphire. These polished red and sapphire, coupled with precious metals and other gems, can be made into various beautiful ornaments, such as brooches, corsages, Armbänder, Armbänder, earrings or earrings, necklaces and masks.
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