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The main component of cassiterite is tin oxide, which is an oxide mineral, often containing trace elements such as iron, niob, tantalu, titanium and manganese. Cassiterite is a tetragonal crystal system. The crystals are often short columnar, slender columnar or double cone-shaped, and the conical aggregates are block, granular or kidney-shaped; with diamond luster to semi-diamond luster, průhledné až průsvitné, tvrdost 6.0 ~ 7.0; pure ones are white or colorless, but because they contain a variety of trace metal elements, they also have a variety of colors, generally brown, yellow and reddish brown, black when iron content is high, and pitch with high niobium and tantalum content black. Cassiterite also has the characteristics of high specific gravity, vysoká tvrdost, strong dispersion (higher than diamond), incomplete cleavage, no characteristic inclusions, acid resistance and other characteristics, so those with high quality enter the ranks of gems.

The sparkle and dispersion of pure and transparent cassiterite crystals are quite charming. It is a very charming gemstone. Only this high-quality cassiterite body can be processed and polished into a standard round diamond facet stone, and it can be used as a substitute for diamonds. Instead of colored diamonds, it is also easy to be confused with diamonds, brown zircon and sphene, but because cassiterite has a higher specific gravity and significant dichroism, it is not difficult to distinguish from the above-mentioned similar gems. It’s just that this kind of high-quality gem-grade cassiterite and its inlays are rarely seen and the price is quite high. Apart from a small amount of cassiterite used to make gems and ornamental stones or collections, it is mainly used in industry. The tin content of cassiterite is as high as 78%, and it is an important mineral for refining tin, which is more valuable than it as a gem. In industry, tin can be used to make white iron, tin tubes, tin foil, various alloys and electroplating parts, and its oxide can be used to make dyes, enamels, porcelain and glass.

Cassiterite deposits are closely related to acid granite magmatism. Mezi nimi, cassiterite quartz veins and cassiterite sulfur deposits are the most valuable, often coexisting with fluorite, křemen, Tourmaline, and apatite, and are also enriched in placers. The main producing areas of cassiterite in the world are Malaysia, Bolívie, Spojené státy, Německo, Austrálie, Namibie, Brazil and China. Gem grade cassiterite is mainly produced in Bolivia. Tin ore is one of China’s high-quality minerals. The most famous producing areas are Dachang, Guangxi and Gejiu, Yunnan, but few have reached gem level. V 1981, a columnar, light pink brown transparent cassiterite crystal weighing 19.5 carats was found in the placer around the South China Tin Mine, indicating that China also contains this gem resource.

 

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